SPIRITUALITY WITHOUT GOD,

HOW IS IT POSSIBLE?

By

Aripin Tambunan

Introduction

Rejection on the existence of God has been began far before the seventeen century, but its intensity is felt in more stronger since seventeen century up today. This rejection can be seen from the following categories: First, the category of wickedness and suffering. Some people have refused the existence of God, because there is a wickedness and suffering in this world which is occurring in continuously. Usually they have the objection that it is same such as what Fyodor Dostoevsky questioned, that is: How it is possible for an all-powerful, all good God to permit suffering in the world? (Gould, 1985 : 489). B.C. Johson pointed out because there is a wickedness and suffering, and then, .... God cannot be all good and (by implication) that the God of traditional theism is incoherent’ (Law head, 2003: 106).

Second, the category of the freedom of human being. Believe on God hinders the freedom of human being. Because “It God has no existed there is all possible” thus Dostoevsky pointed out. Jean Paul Sartre Said, because the human being has the freedom, so the God should not be existed. If the God is existence, so, as the result, the human being has no the freedom. Why? Because the God has predestined the human being since from the beginning, so that human being has no the freedom or they cannot able to have the full sovereignty to determine their self. Such that, the human being can develop only their existences. (See Sartre, 1966: 559-711).

Etika Kristen Melampaui Etika Alamiah

Oleh

Aripin Tambunan

Pendahuluan

Bila dilihat dalam ranah Filsafat, maka persoalan etika sebenarnya telah terlihat nyata dalam kehidupan Yunani klasik. Para sofis telah muncul sebagai ahli pikir yang kritis, namun tidak lagi mengutamakan kebenaran. Bagi mereka yang terpenting adalah memenangkan perdebatan, itu sebabnya mereka lebih mengembangkan ilmu retorika. Mereka menghantam sendi-sendi moralitas yang ada dengan satu pemikiran moralitas baru dengan berkata, bahwa “baik” dan “buruk” merupakan masalah keputusan bersama daripada suatu aturan abadi. Menurut mereka aturan tidak abadi, apalagi dapat berlaku umum. Itu sebabnya mereka mengeluarkan pemikiran-pemikiran baru, di mana dua orang yang terkenal dari mereka adalah Protagoras, “Manusia adalah ukuran segalanya” (kebenaran relatif, kebenaran tidak lagi tergantung pada isi) dan Georgias, “Kebenaran itu memang sudah tidak ada lagi, (Nihilisme).